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Sabbath n. šambat sable n. samōr sack n. javāl sacred adj. spend/ spenn sacred fire n. ādarōg sacrifice v. yaz-, īz-/ yaštan, frāz yaz-, zōhr bar- sacrifice n. yazišn, zōhr sad adj. andāgēn, andōhgen saddle v. (a horse) zēn kun-/ sāz-, kōfag kun- saddle n. zēn, kōfag Þ saddle with quiver zēn abāg kantigr Þ saddle girth skuz saddlebag n. bārjāmag sadness n. andōh safe adj. abēvizend Þ (have a) safe journey! ēvarz abēvizend safety n. abēvizendīh Þ safety belt n. kamar ī abēbīmīh safflower n. zardak saffron n. kurkum Sagittarius n. nēmasp sail vtr. kaštīg/ makōg/ nāv(ak) rāndan; vintr. ped kaštīg … ēvarzīdan sail n. vādbān Þ the mast for sails frasp ī vādbān sailing n. vādbānīh, nāvāzīh sailing adj. vādbānīg sailor n. nāvāz saint n. pāk, yōšdahr, (pēr) sake n. jād(ag) Þfor the sake of pedisāy, rāy Þ for my sake jādag ī amā rāy salad n. tarrēnag salary n. mizd, parxī sale n. frōš; frōš ped kāhišn saline adj. sōr saliva n. xayūg salmon n. māhīg āzād saloon n. (bar) maykadag salt n. namehk/ namēk Þ rock salt n. namehk sang saltpetre n. sōrag salty adj. sōr, namehkēn salutation n. ērkaš Þ making salutation dastkaš Þ in respectful salutation dast ērkaš/ dast ped kaš salute v. namāz bar- salute n. namāz salvation n. būzišn, bōxtišn, bōxtagīh, bōxtārīh same adj. ham, hān ham Þ it is the same ham Þ it is not the same nē ham Þ (it is) the same as ham cōn Þ in the same way/ manner hamgōnag samosa n. sambōsag sample n. handēs sanctification n. yōšdahrgarīh sanctify v. yōšdahrēnīdan sanctity n. yōšdahrīh sanction n. dōšīdan Þ to sanction the will (of) kāmag dōšīdan Þ it is approved and sanctioned veh sahist ud dōšīdÞÞÞÞ sanctioning n. sahišn sanctuary n. mānd, mānestān sand n. sigad; rēg sandal(wood) candal sandwich n. bazmāvurd sane adj. ušumand sap n. šīrag sapling n. nihāl sapphire n. yākand ī kabōd satellite n. māhvārag sated adj. sagr satiate v. sagr kun- Þ to be satiated sagr bav- satiate adj. sagr satiety n. sagrīh satisfaction n. hušnūdīh, šnūman satisfied adj. hušnūd satisfy v. hušnūd kun-, šnāyēnīdan Þ to be satisfied hušnūd bav- satrap n. šāhrab/ šasab Saturday n. šambat, kēvān-zamān šaturn n. kēvān, zurvān sauce n. kāmag saucepan n. dēz saucer n. (tašt), uskirrag/ uskirrōg sausage n. pidnāy savable adj. būzišnīg save v. būz-/ bōxtan; pas abgandan Þ to be saved būžīhistan, bōxs- saved adj. bōxt(ag); pas-abgand(ag) saving n. sūdgārīh savings n. pasabgand saviour n. būzāg, bōxtār savo(u)ry adj. namehkēn, sōrmizag saw v.harragēnīdan saw n. harrag say v. gōb-/ guftan, vāz-/ vāxtan saying n. vāzag scabbard n. niyām scale v. tarāzēnīdan scale n. pillag (ī tarāzūg), sanzag scales n. tarāzūg scantiness n. kamīh scanty adj. kam scar n. dāg scare vintr. tarsīdan, vtr. tarsēnīdan scarf n. šāl ī gardan; sarbann, sarpōšag scatter v. afšāndan, (disperse) pargandan Þ to scatter pearls murvārīd afšāndan scattered adj. pargandag scattering n. pargandagīh; višōbišn scenery n. cašmabgan scent n. bōy scent v. bōy dah-, bōyēnīdan scent bottle/ box n. bōydān scented adj. bōyāg, bōydār Þ scented plant bōydār scent-holder n. bōybarān sceptre n. dār schedule n. gōšvārag ī zamān Þ behind schedule drangumand Þ on schedule ped gāh schism n. judristagīh schismatic adj. judristag school n. (scribal) dibīrestān; frahangestān, (religious) hērbedstān Þ school-master n. frahangbed, dibīrestān xvadāy science n. dānišn scoff n. riyahrīh/ riyahlīh scope n. abdēs scorn v. dazīdan scorn n. afsōs, parxōyan scorn v. afsōs kun- scorpion/ Scorpio n. gazdum scoundrel adj. mar scourge v. zan-/ zadan scrambled eggs n. brišt xāyag scrape v. rannīdan; tāšīdan scratch v. rannīdan; xrāšīdan screen n. pardag screw n. pēc Þ turn-screw n. pēckiš screw v. pēc zan-/ zadan screwdriver n. pēckaš scribe n. dibīr scribe craft n. dibīrīh scribeship n. dibīrīh scripture(s) n. nibēg; abestāg, dād scroll n. fravardag sculptor n. pehikargar sculpture n. pehikar sea n. drayā(b), reh Þ a high sea kōlāk Þ seafaring n. (navigation) drayāvarzīh Þ at the bottom of the sea andardum ī zreh Þ seafood n. bar ī drayā seagull n. daymāhīg murv seal v. āvāš/ āvištan Þ seal of letter muhrdib sealed adj. āvašt/ āvišt Þ an unsealed document muhrbrīd Þ a sealed document āvišt Þ written and sealed (a sealed document) nibišt ud āvišt sealing n. āvāšišn seam n. darz Þ to put a seam in darz gīr- search v. jōy-/ justan search n. just-u-jōy seashore/ seaside drayābār season n. āvām Þ season ticket āvāmīg abarcafs seasoning n. abzār seat v. (abar) nišāy-/ nišāstan Þ please wait to be seated framāy pādan dā-t nišāyend seat n. nišēm(an), nišast, azērgāh seaweed n. (drayā)zāz second adj. did, didīg, didīgar, duvum, donēn, didum Þ second day of the month vahman rōz second vēn; (hān ī) donēn/ duvum secondary adj. didumēn secrecy n. nihānravišnīh, nihān secret adj. nihānravišn, nihānīg, rāzīg Þ a secret place rāzīg gyāg secret n. rāz Þ to keep a secret rāz dār- sect n. kēš, ristag sectary adj. kēšdār section n. brīnag; darag secure adj. abēbīm; pād secure v. abēbīm kun-; pāy-/ pādan security n. grav(īh), gravagān(īh); abēbīmīh Þ to hold (a thing) as security ped grav dār- Þ to take/ receive as a security (ped) grav pedīriftan security-holder n. gravagāndār sedentary adj. māništag seduce v. frēb-/ frēftan see v. vēn-/ dīdan, nīšīdan Þ to be seen vēnīhistan Þ to see in a drem ped xvamn vēn- seed n. cihr(ag), dān(ag), tōhm(ag), tōm Þ tree of many seeds van ī vas-tōhmag seeing adj. dīdār, vēnendag, vēnāg Þ far-seeing dūr-vēnišn seeing n. dīdār, vēnišn, vēnāgīh seek v. xvāh-/ xvāstan seem v. sahistan Þ it seemed marvelous (to) abd sahist Þ to seem good (approve) veh sah- Þ it seems that nimāyed kū seemly adj. abāyišnīg seen. adj. dīd(ag) seer n. kundāg seethe v. ayārdīdan seize v. (abar) gīr-/ griftan, frāz gīr- Þ seize in your hand bē ō dast gīr Þ to seiz by force appar-/ appurdan seizing adj. gīrāg seizure n. gīrišn, griftagīh seldom adv. kam select v. vizin-/ vizīdan, (pick out) vizihīdan select adj. ped-vizin selected adj. vizīd(ag) slecting adj. vizīdār selection n. vizinišn, vizīdagīh, vizin Þ selections vizīdagīhā selective adj. vizingar selector vizīdār self n. grīv, xvad, xvēštan self-conscious adj. xvad-āgāh selfhood n. xvadīh selfish adj. (egoist) xvaddōšag sell v. frōš-/ frōxtan seller n. frōxtār semen n. šuhr send v. frēstīdan, zām-/ zāftan, zāmēnīdan Þ to send off/ away visē kun- sender n. frēstīdār senior n. meh(dar) Þ senior judge dādvar ī meh sensation n. mārdārīh sense v. sōhistan, mārdan sense n. (perception) bōy; (organ of sense) sōhišn, šnāsag, (tan) mārdār; (consciousness) uš Þ perceptible to the senses mārišnumand senseless adj. abēbōy, abōy, abēušīh senselessness n. abēbōyīh, abōyīh, abēušīh sensibility n. pedbōyīh sensible adj. ušumand, pedbōy sensitive adj. sōhišnīg, mārāg senual adj. varanīg, vasārzōg sent adj. frēstīd(ag) sentence n. āzend, handarz, (judgment pronounced, judicial decision) vizīr Þ judicial sentences vizīrgird sententious adj. handarzgar sentinel n. nišāg separable adj. visānišnīg, visānišnumand separate v. vizārdan, jud kun-, (winnow) vēz-/ vixtan, (decompose) visāndan, (distinguish) vizihēnīdan Þ to separate from judāg kun-/ dār- az Þ to be separated visānīhistan, vizihīdan separate adj. jud(āg) separated adj. visāndag separately adv. judāgīhā Þ each separately jud jud separation n. vizārišn, vēzišn, visānišn, vizihišn, vizihīdagīh, vizār, (parting) vizīmag Þ who likes separation (separatist) judāgīhdōšag separator n. vizihēnīdār sepulchre n. astōdān sequence n. pedisār Þ in sequence ped pedisār sequential adj. pedisārīg serial adj. ristagumand series n. ristag serious adj. adj. grān, grāy serpent n. (snake) garzag, mār, (snake-worm) kirm servant n. peristag, pēškār, (girl) peristār, (man) bannag, spasag, (domestic) kadagīg serve v. peristīdan, spas-/ spaštan server n. peristišngar, kirdespās service n. peristagīh, spās, spasagīh Þ the services of God peristišn ī yazd servitude n. bannagīh, framān-niyūšīh sesame n. kunjid session n. nišast set v. (place) nišāy-/ nišāstan, ēstēnīdan, nihādan, (let) hil-/ hištan; (sun) andar šav-, frōd šāv- Þ to set about pardaz- ō Þ to set the table mīzd vīrāz-/ vīrāstan set adj. ōst; nišāst Þ set down nihādag set n. dast; dastag Þ a set, (a pair) ē-juxt Þ a set of clothes dast-ē jāmag Þ a set of cups dast-ē jām set menu n. pahrist settle v. bunag dār-; tōz-/ tuxtan settled adj. māništag; tuxt settlement n. vālan, āvahan/ āvān; tōzišn seven num. haft seventeen num. haftdah seventy num. haftād sever v. brīn-, burr-/ brīdan several adj. and; ē-cand severe adj. društ, saxt, staft Þ coarsely and severely ped dabrīh ud društīh severity n. društīh, saxtīh, staftīh sew n. dōz-/ duxtan sewer n. dōzendag sewer n. pārgēn sex n. šarm shade/ shadow n. sāyag/ āsāyag shaft n. cōbag Þ arrow shaft (tigr ī) cōbag shake vintr. cannīhistan, (quake) vizannīdan; vtr. cannēnīdan, hašēbēnīdan Þ to be shaken cannīhistan, vizannīhistan Þ to shake (off, out) višān- Þ to shake the head sar frāz šāv- shake n. Þ hand-shake dast sāyišn shaking adj. cannān; cannēnīdār shaking n. cannišn, cannag shallot n. piyāz-mušk shallow adj. tanuk shame v. šarmēnīdan shame n. šarm, šārsišn, nang Þ to be put to shame (to be ashamed) šārs- shamefaced adj. šarmgen shameful adj. nangēn shameless adj. abēšārm shank n. zang shape n. kirb, kālbod, dēs, cihr shape v. dēsīdan/ dištan shapely adj. hamkirb shaper n. brīngar share n. bahr, jād(ag), bag Þ to allot the share bahr baxš- Þ having a share bahrumand share v. baxšēnīdan; baxš-/ baxtan share-holder/ owner n. bahrvar shark n. kōsag (māhīg) sharp adj. burrāg, tēz, tund Þ a sharp back pušt ī tēz Þ a sharp sound vāng tēz sharp-eyed adj. tēzvēn sharpen v. tēž kun- sharpness n. burrāgīh, tēzīh sharp-witted adj. tēz-vīr shave v. avistardan/ usturdan Þ to shave the head sar virāy- Þ to shave the beard rēš virāy- shaver n. ustarag shaving n. avistarišn/ ustarišn shaving foam n. kaf ī ustarišn shawl n. šāl sheaf n. vāf sheath n. nigām sheave v. Þ one who sheaves vāfāncīn sheep n. mēš, pah sheepdog n. pasušharv sheepfold/ sheep-pen n. pahast sheet n. cādur; (a single sheet of paper) taxtag shell n. pōst(ag) shelter n. panāh, panāhgāh; āsāyag; (covered) var sheperd n. šubān shield n. šubān shield n. maginn; spar shift v. Þ to be shifted barīh- shin n. karān ī pēšēn ī zang shine v. brāzistan, brāzīhistan, drafšīdan, tāb-/ tāftan, rōzistan shining adj. brāzāg, brāzišnīg, drafšān, drafšīdār, tābāg ship n. kaštīg; nāv shirt n. pērāhan shiver v. larzīdan shivering n. (fever’s) larz shock n. pehikōb, vazan Þ to be in shock ped vazan h-/ bav- shock v. pehikōb-/ pehikuftan, vazan dah- shoe n. kafš(ag), (wooden) mōg, (leathern) carm-mōg, mōzag, (clog) sarmōg shoelace n. bann ī kafš shoe-maker n. kafš-kar, kafšdōz shoe-shine v. kafš abrōz- shoe-sock n. pāytābag shoot v. vih-/ vistan Þ to shoot an arrow tigr vih- shoot n. spēg, azg shop n. xrīdgāh; (workshop) kārxānag shop v. xrīd kun- shop assistant n. frōxtār shopping n. xrīd shore n. bār, kanārag, damb Þ opposite shore pedīrag-damb short adj. gišnag, kūk, kuttāh, nihang; kamīg Þ a short life kūk zīvišn, gišnag-zīvišnīh Þ a short leg pāy kuttāh Þ a short voyage nihang ēvarz Þ to make short gišnag kun- Þ of a short period xvazārak-drangīg shorten v. gišnag kun- shortage n. kamīh shortcoming n. frōdmānd short-lived adj. gišnag-zīvišn shorts n. tanbān short-sighted adj. kuttāh-vēn short-sleeved adj. kuttāh-āstēn shoulder n. dōš, suft, frēg, šānag shout v. xrōh-/ xrustan, vāng bar-/ kun-/ abgan- shout n. xrōh, buland vāng, (hue and cry) xrustagīh Þ surrounded by shout xrōsag show n. nimāyišn show v. nimāy-/ nimūdan, abdēs-/ abdištan, nišānēnīdan Þ to show off kamar abrāz- shower n. ābvārag shower v. ābvārīdan shown adj. abdist shrill adj. Þ a sharp/ shrill voice tēz vāng shrimp n. mēgōg shut v. bann-/ bastan Þ to shut up vāng bann- shut adj. bast(ag) Þ shut up! xāmōš! shutter n. rōzanpōš shuttle n. šudmad sick adj. vēmār, vašt(ag); vāmišnīg Þ to be sick vāmīdan sickle n. dās sickness n. vēmārīh, vašt(ag)īh; vāmišnīgīh side n. ālag, kanār/ karān, kust(ag), nēmag, pahlūg, rōn, sōg, sraxt(ag), dāman, var Þ from all sides az hamāg kustag Þ by the sides of ped dāman ī Þ the upper side abardar-nēmag side dish n. (x)āmiz side street n. kōyīzag sieve n. parvēzan sift v. vēz-/ vixtan sifting n. vēzišn sigh v. svahistan; āh kun- sigh n. svahišn; āh sight n. dīdār, dīd(ag), vēnišn, (clear) vēnāgīh Þ faculty of sight zōr ī vēnišn sight of the eyes cašm-vēnišnīh Þ keen-sighted adj. bārīk-vēnišn Þ clear-sighted adj. vēnāg Þ far from sight dūr az dīdār sighted adj. vēnāg sightless adj. avēnāg sightseeing n. dīd sign n. daxšag, nišān(ag), ādēšag, (anything written at the bottom of a letter, document, as signature, date, …) dastēnag Þ sign of the zodiac axtar signal n. daxšag; (warning) uš dār! Þ with signals daxšagumand signpost n. daxšag-nimūdār silence n. tuštīh, xāmōšīh, bastvāngīh silent adj. tušt, xāmōš, bastvāng silk n. abrēšum, (silk of little value) kaz Þ shot silk n. (thick silk brocade) stabrag Þ silk jerkin n. kazāgand Þ fine silk brocade dēbāg silken adj. abrēšumēn silkworm n. kirm ī abrēšum silvan/ sylvan adj. vēšagīg silver n. asēm/ sēm; (not coined) nēkirdag Þ having (much) silver adj. abāg-asēm silver(n) adj. asēmēn similar adj. hāvand, humānāg similarity n. hāvandīh, humānāgīh similarly adv. hamēdōn simultaneous adj. hamzamān sin n. āstār, vināh, bazag(īh) Þ to forgive sin āstār handās- Þ to atone for sins vināh vizārdan Þ atonement of sin vināh-tōzišnīh Þ grievous sin vināh ī grān Þ the sin will be removed vināh az bun bē šaved Þ punishment for sins vināh pādifrāh/ puhl sin v. āstardan, vinā kun- Þ to cause to sin āstārēnīdan since prep. az … ōrōn, az … abāz; conj. cē, ēd rāy cē, ka sincere adj. menišnīg sincerity n. menišnīgīh sinew n. pay sinful adj. vināhgār, vināhumand, bazagēn, (of person) abārōn sing v. srāy-/ srūdan singer n. srūdār, (singer of sacred formulas) mahrsrāy singing n. srāyišn single adj. ēvtāg, tāg singly adv. ēvāz singular adj. ēvāzīg, tāg Þ singular number tāgīh sink vintr. frōd šav-, nivar-/ nivardan; vtr. frōd bar-, nivār- sink n. ābcāl; ābxānag sinless adj. anāstardag, abēāstār, abēvināh sinner n. āstārgar, vināhgār, bazakkar siphon n. hambōbag sir n. xvadāy sisso (tree) n. jag sister n. xvah, xvahār sisymbrium n. sīsīmbar sit v. (abar) nišīy-/ nišastan Þ sit down! bē nišīy(ed)! Þ to cause to sit nišiyēnīdan, nišāy-/ nišāstan sitting n. nišast (kirdan) six num. šaš sixteen num. šāzdah sixty num. šast size n. (larg) vazurgīh °sized °mahā sketch n. xākag skilful adj. hudast, nizūmān, kirrōg skill n. hunar, nizūmānīh, kirrōgīh skilled adj. hunarāvand, nizūmān(ag) skimmer n. kafgīr skin n. pōst, carm, davāl, mašk ; (bark) tōz Þ clothing of skins pōstīg-vastargīh Þ to flay off the skin carm āhanz- Þ tanned (cow’s) skin (gāv) pōst ī virāstag skin adj. pōstēn, carmēn skin v. pōst kandan skin-bag n. mašk skin table-cloth n. maškīzag skinworker n. carmgar skirt n. dāman(ag) skull n. masturg Þ behind the skull pas masturg sky n. asmān(ag) skylike adj. asmāngōn slack adj. sust slackness n. sustīh slander n. spazgīh slanderous adj. spazg slaughter v. ōan-/ ōzadan, kuštan slaughter n. kušišn slave n. anšahrīg slavery n. anšāhrīgīh slay v. ōzan-/ ōzadan slayer n. ōzadār, kuštār sledge-hammer n. putk sleep v. xvafs-/ xvaftan Þ may you sleep pleasantly! xvaš xvafsed! sleeping n. xvāb, xvamn, xvarm, (excessive sleep) būš(y)āsp sleeping platform n. bālēngāh sleepless adj. axvamn sleeve n. āstēn slice v. brīn-/ brīdan slice n. brīd sliced adj. brīd(ag) Þ sliced meat xāmiz slide v. laxšīdan slightly adv. xvazārak slime n. kaf; lajan sling-stone n. kalāsang slip v. laxšīdan slip n. laxšišn slipper n. azērpāyīg Þ oriental slipper pāypōš Þ cotton slipper gēvag slope n. šēb sloth n. ašgahanīh slow adj. āhistag small adj. kōdak/ kudak, kōc(ak), kam, keh, xvard, xvazārak, gišnag small change n. xvardag smallness n. kamīh smash v. xvard kun-/ bav-, škenn-/ škastan smear v. hannāy-/ hannūdan smeared adj. āgištag smell vintr. bōyīdan; vtr. hambōyīdan smell n. bōy, (sense of smell) hambōyišn, hambōyāgīh Þ carrying smell bōybar smell-feeling adj. bōy-ārāy smelling Þ sweet-smelling adj. hubōy smelly adj. bōyāg smile n. vixann, labxann smile v. vixannīdan smite v. zan-/ zadan smiter n. zadār smith n. āhangar smiting n. zanišn, zadišn smitten adj zad(ag) smoke v. dūdēnīdan smoke n. dūd smoked adj. dūdīg smoker n. dūdgar smoking n. dūdēnišn Þ no smoking dūdēnišn nē! smoky adj. dūdēn snake n. garzag, mār, gaz, (giant) az, (viper) šēbāg, (snake-worm) (az-)kirm snake hole n. (kirm bun), mār bun snare n. dām, talag snatch v. rubāy-/ rubūdan sneeze n. šnōšag sneeze v. šnōšīdan snout n. pōz(ag) snow v. snēz- snow n. vafr, snēzag, snixr snowy adj. vafrumand, (snowy-white) vafrēn so adv., conj. ēdōn, hamgōnag, ōh, ōn Þ so be it! ōh-bēh! Þ so many and, cand Þ so that (kū) dā, (yad) so-and-so n. vahmān/ avāhmān soak v. xvīs-/ xvistan soap n. (liquid) dastšōy soat n. dūdag society n. hangēhīh sock(s) n. gōrāb socket n. gabr soda water n. jōš-āb sodomite n. (active) kūnmarz, (passive) viftag sodomy n. kūnmarzīh, viftagīh soft adj. narm/ namr Þ soft-stalked (with pliant shoots) narm-tāg Þ soft earth narm-zamīg soften v. narm kun- soil n. xāk sojourn v. māndan sojourn n. mānišn solar adj. xvaršēdīg soldier n. Þ foot soldier payādag, pēg sole adj. ēvāz sole n. azēr ī pāy sole-created adj. ēkdād solitary adj. ēvtāg solstice n. vardišn Þ the winter solstice zimīg vardišn Þ the summer solstice hāminīg vardišn solvency n. ādānīh solvent adj. ādān some adj. cand, ē(v)-cand, -ē, ast ī Þ some more bread ēcand anī nān somebody/ someone pron. kas, (kec), ast kē something pron. tis, (ciš), ast ī sometimes adv. gāh-ē, ast ī ka somewhere adv. gyāg-ē, ast gyāg kū son n. frazend, pus/ pusar Þ without son abēpuhr song n. srōd, srōg, cigāmag, nivāg, zand son-in-law n. dāmād sonship n. frazendīh soon adv. ahī, zūd Þ as soon as ka ēvbār soot n. dūdag, xvāl sootsayer n. murvnīš, amhr(e)gar Þ chief of the soothsayer murvnīšān sālār soothsaying n. murvnīšīh, mahrgarīh sorcerer n. jādūg sorcery n. jādūgīh sore n. rēš sore adj. rēšken sorghum n. gahl/ gāl, gāvars sorrel adj., n. (horse) šēd sorrow n. andāg, andōh, bēš, zarīg/ darīg Þ to digest sorrow bēš gugārdan Þ removal of sorrow bēš-ānābīh sorrow v. andōh bar-, bēš bar-, zarīg bar- sorrowful adj. andāgēn, andōhgen, bēšīd, bēšumand, zarīgumand, zarīgāvand sorry adj. abaxš Þ I’m sorry abaxš ham sort (out) v. vēz-/ vixtan sort n. gōn(ag), sardag, zanag soul n. ruvān/ ravān, (breathing soul) gyān, (self) grīv, (model-soul) fravahr/ frōhar, (vital soul) uštān sound adj. drust, abēāhōg sound n. āvāz, vāng Þ sound of one’s words vāng ī gōbišn sound v. vāng kun-, zaxs-/ zaxtan, xvān- soundless adj. bastvāng soup n. sōrbāg sour adj. trufš/ truš source n. bunxān, cašmag, xān(īg), zahāb(ag) sour cream n. xāmag ī truš sour milk n. dōg south n. ērag, nēmrōz, rabihvin south adj. dašn, ēragīg Þ south wind dašn vād southern adj. ēragīg, nēmrōz, rabihvindar Þ from the southern quarter/ side az nēmrōz rōn, az rabihvindar rōn sovereign n. xvadāy, pādixšāy, šahriyār; (independent) kāmgār sovereignty n. xvadāyīh, pādixšāyīh, šahriyārīh; kāmgārīh Þ to hold sovereignty xvadāyīh kun- sow v. afšāndan, kār-/ kištan soya-bean n. rōvn-dānag soy sauce n. kāmag ī rōvndānag spa n. kānīg cašmag space v. karvēnīdan space n. svāš; tuhīgīh; gyāg Þ space and time tuhīgīh ud zamān Þ open space višādagīh Þ wide open space frāxīh Þ hollow space karv spacious adj. frāx, vēhm, višād(ag) spade n. bēl span n. (hand-span) vidast; dūrīh Þ short span dišt Þ within a span andar vidast Þ farther than a span bē az vidast span(-long, high, sized) adj. vidastīg spare v. vidar-/ vidaštan az spark n. drafšag, stārag sparkle v. drafšīdan sparkling adj. drafšān, šēbāg sparrow n. vinjišk speak v. vyāvar-/ vyāvurdan, vāz-/ vāxtan, drenz-/ draxtan, (soxan) gōb-/ guftan, (daēvic) davīdan, drāyīdan Þ who’s speaking? kē vyāvarān Þ speak the right talk! vyāvared vyāvar frārōn! speaker n. gōbāg, guftār speaking adj. gōbāg, vāzān, vyāvarān Þ speaking xvad ham spear n. nēzag, sil Þ holding a spear in one’s hand nēzagdast special adj. vāspuhragān speciality n. vāspuhragānīh species n. sardag speck n. xajak speckled adj. parš, paršūg, xajakumand speckled basil n. palangmušk spectacle n. fradēs spectacles n. cašmag spectacular adj. sahīg speech n. vyāvar, vāz, drenzišn, gōbišn, soxan, āvāg Þ the faculty of speech gōbāgīh speechless adj. gōbāg speed n. tēzīh, zūdīh, tagīgīh speedy adj. tēz, zūd, tagīg spell v. vizārdan spell n. afsōn, mahr/ mānsr, nīrang sphere (heaven) n. spihr spend v. uzēnag kun- (ped); vidār- (zamān) spice n. abzār spices n. bōyzār spicy adj. purabzār spider n. tanend Þ a kind of poison spider (or tarantula) gundag spike n. mēx spill v. āšinz-/ āšixtan spin v. rēs-/ rištan; tan-/ tadan spinach n. spanāg spindle n. dōk spine n. (spinal column) puštestūn spinning machine/ wheel n. caxrag spinning-wheel n. caxrag spirit n. vāxš, vād, mēnōg, ox/ axv Þ holy spirit vād ī pāk, vāxš yōšdahr spiritual adj. vāxšīg, vādēn, mēnōg(īg) spirituality n. vāxšīgīh, mēnōg(īg)īh spit v. vafīdan spit v. vardānāg kun- spit n. xayūg spittle n. xayūg spleen n. spurz/ spul splendid adj. bāmīg, brāzāg, nisāg splendour n. bām, brāh splenic adj. spurzegen split v. darr-, drīn-/ drīdan, škāftan, visīn-, visīy-/ visistan, viškenn-/ viškīdan split-minded adj. (whose mind has been split) škāft-menišn spoil v. vimarz-/ vimuštan, gumarz-/ gumuštan, tabāhēnīdan spoilt adj. vimušt, tabāh sponge n. abr-murdag spoon n. kafcag sport n. vāzīg spot n. gyāg spread v. afšāndan, vistardan spring v. Þ to spring to one’s feet abar ō pāy ēstādan spring n. vahār, (early spring) absāl(ān) Þ spring day absālān rōz spring adj. vahārīg spring onion n. piyāzcag sprinkle v. peššinz-/ peššixtan, pāšīdan sprinkling n. peššinzišn sprout n. spēg, azg spy n. gōšag squanderer n. vingar squandering n. vingarīh square n. cahārrāh; cahārgōš(ag); vistardag squeeze v. hunīdan; tanzīdan squint-eyed adj. šēbag-cašm squinty adj. šēbag squirrel n. sanjāb stability n.ōstīgīh, pāyišn stable adj. ōst(īg), pāyišnīg stable n. āxvarr, stōrgāh stable manager n. āxvarryār stadium n. asprēs staff n. dastvār(ag), cōb stage n. srāvard; pāyag stagger v. škarvīdan staggering n. škarvišn stagnant adj. armēšt Þ stagnant water āb armēšt stain adj. āhīd staircase n. pillag stalk n. ēvan; sāg Þ soft-stalked (with pliant shoots) narm-tāg stall n. āxvarr stamp n. daxšag stand v. ēstādan, pāy-/ pādan Þ to stand up ul ēstādan, āxēz-/ āxistan standing adj. stendag star n. star, stārag, axtar starch n. nišāstag starch-jelly n. pālūdag start v. bun bav-, frāz gīr- starter n. pēšxvard starvation n. axvarišnīh, y state n. estād stater n. (coin) stēr statement n. gōbišn station n. pedišt, pāyag Þ petrol station naft-pāyag stationary n. dibīrīh sāmān stationer’s n. dibīrīh-sāmāngāh stature n. bālāy, bašn Þ whose stature is middle-sized bālāy meyānjīg Þ of the same stature hambašn, hamtan status n. pāyag stay v. (abāz) pāy-/ pādan, māndan steal v. duzīdan, duzīh kun-, truftan stealer n. duz(d) stealing n. duzīh steel n. almās, pōlāvad steel adj. pōlāvadēn, pōlāvadīg steer v. rāyēnīdan steering n. rāyēnāg stem n. sāg stench n. gennagīh, genn, (foul-stench) dušgennīh step n. gām Þ mind the step gām nigāhišn step v. gām spar-/ spurdan Þ to step up abar āxrāmīdan steps n. pillagān stepfather pidandar stepmother mādandar stern adj. stamb stew n. sōzanjōš stew vtr. sōzanjōšēnīdan; vintr. sōzanjōšīhistan steward n. kārbed; hambāragbed stewardess n. kārbedī stick n. cōb, (used in geometry) cōbīzag Þ (curved) polo-stick cōgān Þ hand stick dast avistām stick vintr. cafsīdan, dōsīdan; vtr. cafsēnīdan, dōsēnīdan stiff adj. staft, sxat stiffen v. staft kun- still adv. ahanūn-z/ ahanūz Stilton n. panīr (xašēn) stimulate v. hangēz-/ hangixtan sting v. gazīdan/ gastan stinging adj. gazāg stingy adj. pen stink v. puy-/ pūdan stink n. gennagīh stinking adj. gennag, dušgenn stir v. jumbēnīdan Þ to stir up hangēz-/ hangixtan Þ to stir up trouble sārēnīdan stoat n. kākum stock n. gōhr(ag), tōhmag, bun stolen n. duzīdag, truft(ag) stomach n. kumīg, aškam(b) stone n. sang, sag Þ sling-stone n. kalāsang Þ fruit stone ast(ag) stony adj. sagēn Þ stony place sangsār stool n. cahārpedištān stop v. pāy frōd kišīdan, peyrāmīdan stop n. peyrām, abāzmān store v. hambārdan, hambār kun-/ sāz- Þ (one) who stores hambārāg, hambārkirdār store n. hambār(ag), nigān Þ store-house hambār(ag) Þ store-room niyān storey n. aškōb storing (up) n. hambār story n. afsān, āzend stout adj. frabih; purzōr straight adj. rāst straightaway adv. andar zamān straighten v. rāst kun- straightness rāst-ravišnīh strain v. kišīdan; pālāy-/ pālūdan strange adj. anōdag, bēgānag; škeft strangeness n. anōdagīh; škeftīh stranger n. bēgānag Þ strangers anōdag Þ I’m a stranger here an hān ī ēdar nē ham strangle v. ōdarzīdan strap n. skuz stratagem n. kambōr(ag) straw n. kāh, vās; nāyīzag stawberry n. vāštūd stray adj. apēdag stray n. apēdag stream n. jōy stream v. rōšīdan street n. ristag strength n. amāvandīh, nirōg, ōz, zōr strengthen v. nirōgēnīdan, zōrēnīdan Þ to be strengthened nirōgīhistan, zōrīhistan stretch v. pardan-/ pardadan Þ to stretch out v. frārāy-/ frārāstan strew v. pāšīdan stride v. āxrāmīdan stride n. gām strife n. ku(x)šišn, āyōzišn, cax Þ at strife kuxšišnīg strike v. zan-/ zadan, snahīdan, pehikōb-/ pehikuftan strike n. snāh string n. rištag, vannag strive v. ku(x)šīdan, āyōz-/ āyuštan, (abar) toxšīdan, caxīdan striving n. kuxšīdārīh, toxšišn stroke n. zadagīh strong adj. amāvand, nirōg, nirōgāvand/ nirōgumand, ōzumand, ped-nirōg, zōrīg, zōrumand, stōman stronghold n. drubuštīh, diz strophe n. vacast/ vacadast Þ half-strophe nēm-vacast Þ chapter strophe line syllable and letter hād vacast gāh vāzag mārīg ud xvardag structure n. dēsmān struggle v. ku(x)šīdan, nibardīdan, āxāzīdan struggle n. ku(x)šišn, nibard, āxāz strut v. āxrāmīdan stuck adj. Þ to be stuck agār bav-, gīr kun- study v. xvah-/ xvastan, ušmār-/ ušmurdan, ebyāh-/ ebyāstan study n. xvah, xvahišn, ušmārišn, ebyāhišn stuff v. āgandan stuffed adj. āgandag stuffing n. āganišn stuffy adj. xabag stumble v. škarvīdan stumbling n. škarvišn stunned adj. stard/ sturd stupefied adj. sturd, ped vidimās Þ to lay stupefied sturd nibay- stupefaction sturdīh stupid adj. halag stupidity n. halagīh subdue v. nikamb- subject n. dar, tis Þ on every subject abar harv dar subject adj. ēr subjection n. bannagīh Þ to be in subjection ped bannagīh ēstādan sublime adj. abardarīg submission n. ēkānagīh; framānburdārīh, framānniyūšīh submissive adj. ēkānag; framānburdār, framānniyūš subordinate adj. aziškeh, ērdast, framān-niyūš subordination n. ērdastīh substance n. gōhr(ag) Þ of the same substance hamgōhr substitute v. guhrēnīdan substitute n. guhrīg Þ as a substitute for ped guhrīg ī substitution n. guhrīgānīh subtle adj. bārīg Þ a subtle observer bārīg-vēnišn suburb n. parvār subway n. rāhkand succeed v. kāmag vizārdan success n. kāmaghanzāmīh successful adj. kāmaghanzām, kām(ag)ravāg such adj. ēnōn Þ of such a kind ōn Þ it is such that ōn kū suck v. mizīdan suckle v. pēmēnīdan suckling adj. šīrxvārag sudden adj. nē-payōsān suddenly adv. ēvbār sue v. xvāh-/ xvāstan suffer v. gumāy-/ gumādan, vidārdan, bar-/ burdan, yōbīdan Þ having suffered pain burd-āvām, burd-ranz Þ to make (somebody) suffer dardēnīdan Þ to suffer pain dardīhistan suffering adj. (from pain) dardmār, dardumand suffering n. yōbišn, mārdārīh ī dard, dardīh, dardumandīh sufficient adj. vas sugar n. šakar suit v. sazistan suit n. dast, (set of clothes of the same cloth) dast-ē jāmag; (claim) xvāhišn suitability n. niyābagīh, pessazagīh suitable adj. abāyišnīg, niyābag, pessazag suitcase n. jāmagdān suitor n. xvāstār sulphur n. gōgird sulphurous gōgirdumand sum n. hangird sum v. hangirdēnīdan summarize v. hangirdēnīdan summary n. hangirdīgīh summary adj. hangirdīg summer n. hāmin/ hamin, tābestān summery adj. hāminīg summit n. bālist, cagād, sar, tērag summon v. xvān-/ xvandan sun n. xvar, xvaršēd, (mihr) sunbathe v. vaxšīhistan sun-blind n. āftābduzag sunburn n. aftābzadagīh sun-catching n. (parasol) aftābgīr Sunday n. ēvšambat, mihrzamān sunrise n. xvarāsān sunset n. xvarōfrān, xvarnivār sun-shade n. āsāyag sunshine n. aftāb sunstroke n. garmāgzadagīh suntan lotion n. aftāb carbišn sun-worshipper n. (Calendula officinalis) aftāb-perist superfluous adj. frāydar Þ to be superfluous parrēz-/ parrixtan supermarket n. vāzārag superior adj. abar(ag), abarīg, abaragān(ag), azišmeh Þ superior to abar az Þ superior power abardar zōr superiority n. abardarīh, abardumīh; pādyāvandīh supermost adj. abardum supervise v. ebyāxš-, abar nigāh dār- supervisor n. abarnigāhdāštār superintendence n. abarpāyišnīh supper n. šām suppliant/ supplicant n. xvāstār; lābakkar supplication n. lābag, lābakkarīh; xvāhišn supply, (supplies) n. pasār supply v. Þ to be supplied pihīh- support v. abar-panāhīh bar-; puštebānīh kun- support n. pušt, abestām, abarpānag, abarpanāh; puštebānīh, puštpanāhīh Þ hand support (/ stick) dast avistām suppress v. ākamb- supporter n. puštebān supreme adj. abarīg sure adj. ōstīgān, ēvar surf n. varm surface n. pāz, rōy surface mail n. zamīg-pēgīh surf-board n. varm-taxtag surf-riding/ surfing n. varm-asvārīh surgeon n. kārd-bizešk surgery n. kārdbizeškīh surname n. pēšnām surround v. parvann-/ parvastan surrounding n. parvann Þ surrounding area, (vicinity) parvār surrondings n; parvār survive v. pettāy-/ pettūdan suspend v. āgōz-/ āgustan, ābēz-/ ābixtan suspicion n. gumān suture n. darz swallow n. peristōg swallow v. ōbārdan swamp n. lajanzār swan n. šāhsī swear v. (rub) rōb-/ ruftan; (oath) sōgand xvardan sweat v. xvīs-/ xvistan sweat n. xvēy sweater n. kašpērāhan sweep v. rōb-/ ruftan, māl-/ muštan sweet adj. šīrēn, xvaš, xvāl/ xvār, šiftēn/ šiftag Þ a sweet girl: daughter šakarduxt Þ sweet fruit(s) šīrēn bār sweet-and-sour adj. mayxvaš sweetcorn n. šiftjōrdā sweetener n. šīrēngar sweetest adj. xvālist/ xvarzist sweetmeat n. rōvnxvardīg; afrōšag, (walnut sweetmeat) gōzēnag, lōzēnag, šiftēnag, vafrēnag sweetness n. xvašīh, šiftagīh, šīrēnīh sweet-singing adj., n. xvaš-āvāz sweet-smelling adj. hubōy swell v. (up) ādmās- swift adj. arvand, ray, šēbāg, tagīg, zbāl Þ a swift horse asp ī zbāl swiftness n. arvandīh swim v. šnāzīdan swimmer n. ābvarz, šnāzgar swimming adj. šnāzāg Þ swimming-in-water (= aqueous, marine) āb-šnāzišn swimming n. šnāz, šnāg Þ swimming costume n. šnāz brahmag swing v. vēz-/ vixtan Þ to swing forward frāz vēz- switch n. cōbag; angul switch v. Þ to switch off agārēnīdan Þ to switch on kārēnīdan swollen adj. ādmāst sword n. šamšēr/ šafšēr, cilān Þ sword-player n. (fencing) šamšēr-vāzīg swordsmith n. cilāngar syllable n. mārīg; vāng symbol n. nimād, nimōnag, rāz sympathetic adj. dildard sympathy n. dildardīh syrup n. n. šīrag; dōšāb |